The well operational limits cor respond to disposalzone. Enhanced reservoir description through application of suitable techniques using core, log and well test data for successful water injection performance constrictions of porous media. Such tests may cover a time span in the order of several weeks or months. Diagnostic plots for analysis of water production and reservoir performance a case study a thesis presented to the graduate faculty of the african university of science and technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in petroleum engineering by echufuagbo ogbene alexis abujanigeria december 2010. The results showed that the amount of water injection necessary was nearly the same in all cases, with the two well scenario simply splitting the total volume needed between the two wells. This is a product information notes for well performance monitor.
An injection well is used to place fluid underground into porous geologic formations. Flow measurement for water injection is typically be achieved with turbine, pd, ultrasonic, mag, coriolis, or vortex meter technology. Advanced analytical models for well injectivity decline adelaide. Sep 05, 2010 oil well water injection penguinshavewings. It is based on the assumption of steady state radial flow. Having the ability to allocate injection water as desired to the various waterflooded intervals is important for waterflood success because the overall waterflood is controlled primarily at the injection wells, not at the. An injection well is a device that helps to place fluids underground in porous rock formations like limestone and sandstone, or below the shallow soil layer. As a water well ages, the rate at which water may be pumped commonly referred to as the well yield, flow or performance tends to decrease, especially in wells that were not properly developed when first drilled. Huffnpuff water injection was tested in 2007 in well niu 155 in niuquanhu reservoir, tuha field. Conventional methods of well stimulation are often satisfactory, but thermal stimulation of injection wells seemed to offer the best possible solutions to the. Part of honeywells well performance monitor solution for comprehensive well and field surveillance, the wipd module brings the same level of insight to water injection. Thermal stimulation of water injection wells journal article. Water hammer effects resulting from the shutting in of water injection wells are an often ignored issue in petroleum production operations but they have considerable impact on injection well performance and longevity.
Water spray cooling of the intercooler is a good idea. To understand underground injection, a brief discussion of ground water and some geologic terms is essential, so lets begin. Equalizer helix icds delivered uniform injection across lateral well, improved wateroil ratio case study. The findings in this dissertation provide critical data and models that help us to more confidently specify injection water quality, the design of pumping and water. Finally, water injection into the aquifer case aquifer is seen to have the least water production for all cases considered. Through the use of both experimental observations and numerical models this work has elucidated various physical phenomena affecting fracture growth and injectionwell performance. Overview chapter 5 part 3 reservoir performance duration. Water injection pumps 5 hydraulically balanced performance the dmx is engineered to perform reliably at the required hydraulic capacity while mitigating thrust loads. High pressure water injection well with remote esd. Pdf water injection is one of the most useful techniques for enhancing the production of oil from petroleum reservoirs.
Realtime performance analysis of water injection wells b. Water injection is the process by which this is achieved and can either encourage oil to rise to the surface of a mine or to be swept towards the opening of a production well. Water injection or water flooding is a secondary hydrocarbon recovery technique where produced water, treated or demineralized water, or freshwater is injected into a wells formation under high pressure and temperature conditions to recover more of the oil initially in place oiip. Conventional methods of well stimulation are often satisfactory, but thermal stimulation of injection wells seemed to offer the best possible solutions to the problems. Two approaches involving both transient and pseudosteadystate methods produced very similar solutions, which were verified with the results of coupled. The choice of flow measurement may depend on composition of the water to be measured. The hall plot analysis of a water injection test affected. Monitor water injection conditions from your desktop. Based on the mechanism of advanced water injection and characteristic of porous.
Subsea water treatment and injection baker hughes, a ge company. Bmw water injection system offers improved performance and. The fluids can be wastewater, brine, or water mixed with chemicals. Advanced water injection can keep the formation pressure at a higher level and keep a higher pressure gradient, which is an effective way to develop lowpermeability reservoir. Poor injection profiles, low rates, and excessive pressures have reduced the ultimate income of many waterfloods. Water injection also demonstrated a decrease in the nox emissions ppm, as well as soot emissions. There are many technologies available that can cost effectively improve system performance, reliability, and. Finally, from the results of this work, it is crucial to have more r esearch in this area as new techniques and. An introduction to their use, operation, and regulation. Factors affecting injection well performance and fracture. Optimising water injection performance spe 29774, in the spe middle east oil show. It is seen that injection of water into zones other than the aquifer would result in high watercut.
Real time monitoring assists in accurate and timely reporting of injection volumes as required by the local regulator aer, bc ogc, skogc, blm, trc. These underground formations may range from deep sandstone or limestone, to a shallow soil layer. Production performance of oil wells in the waterflood project, typically. The effect of water injection on the oil w ell productivity 5. A good example of this type of injection well behavior is the injection of produced water in prudhoe bay field in alaska, where 2,000 ppm oil plus solids in the injection water has been routinely injected with relatively little impact on well injectivity.
Pdf the effect of water injection on oil well productivity. Prognosis for safe waterdisposalwell operations and practices. Pdf the paper describes the design and performance of water injection wells in the chestnut field. Historically, class ii injection wells have been used for eor or disposal for the vast majority of water produced from oil or gas wells.
The paper describes the design and performance of water injection wells in the chestnut field. Accurate well test data must be obtained and the proper ipr applied for successful analysis. The monitoring is simple, using measured rate, injection pressure corrected for bottomhole flowing. As a general guideline, the greater the distance between a storm water injection well and ground water, the less the threat of contamination. Determination of underground sources of drinking water pdf 3 pp, 17 k, feb. The knowledge of reservoir properties and near wellbore conditions in injection wells is as important as in the producing wells. Bhges subsea alternative moves the entire system to the sea floor and eliminates the need of heavy highpressure risers and expensive pipelines. The hall plot analysis of a water injection test affected by. Models for other well components can be used in addition to complete the predicted well performance. The results indicated that a 15% water injection by mass used together with fuel gave the best engine performance due to the increase in the indicated mean effective pressure and efficiency resulting from the cooling of certain parts of engine. Injectivity index monitoring the injectivity index ii combines all of the factors that are affecting the injection performance. Final class vi guidance documents protecting underground. Water injection wells water injection into a suitable oil pool, termed a waterflood, can achieve a higher oil recovery than by primary depletion alone. Determination of the mechanical integrity of injection wells pdf 27 pp, 231 k, february 2008.
Study on advanced water injection time in low permeability. This fact sheet briefly describes common well problems and discusses prevention and rehabilitation measures. Mismanaged, they can result in substantial and perhaps irreparable damage. There are a number of techniques for determining where the water injection wells should be drilled, as well as established patterns for water injection wells in relation to production wells. The water injection pump unit consists of a booster pump stage and two highspeed injection pump stages, driven by a common driver over a spacer coupling and a gearbox. Another critical aspect of water injection well design and operation is the allocation of water to zones being waterflooded.
Water injection for higher engine performance and lower. Injection well behaviour is dominated by fracture geometry if the well is. Abstract water hammer effects resulting from the shutting in of water injection wells are an often ignored issue in petroleum production operations but. Equalizer inflow and injection control devices baker. The water then forces itself through the pore spaces and sweeps the oil toward another set of wells known as producers. Injected fluids may include water, wastewater, brine salt water, or water mixed with chemicals. In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production. Spe109876pa realtime performance analysis of water. Here a relatively small amount of water is used to lower the inlet temperature by evaporation. Diagnostic plots for analysis of water production and.
A suite of reservoir models involving water injection helped understand disposal well performance. Spe paper number 93879 monitoring waterflood operations. Realtime performance analysis of waterinjection wells b. Epa is directed by the safe drinking water act sdwa to establish minimum federal requirements for state and tribal underground injection control uic programs to protect underground sources of drinking water from contamination caused by underground injection activities. Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir also known as voidage replacement, and also to sweep or displace. Separation of these shorttime transient effects and longtime quasi steadystate processes is one of the most important tasks of well performance monitoring and diagnostics,57 crucial to the informationdriven oilfields of.
Injection well systems are more complex than production wells because water is forced into the formation and they are much more susceptible to loss of performance injectivity due to clogging. Plugging and abandoning injection wells class iv pdf 12 pp, 121 k, dec. Storm water injection well best management practices bmps. With as many as 14 stages to produce the required hydraulic capacity, the pumps opposed impeller mounting arrangement effectively. Summary of the epas responses to public comments received on the draft class vi well plugging, postinjection site care, and site closure guidance for owners and operators pdf 73 pp, 805 k, december 2016, epa 816s16002 geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, underground injection control program class vi reporting, recordkeeping and data management guidance for owners or. There are a number of techniques for determining where the waterinjection wells should be drilled, as well as established patterns for waterinjection wells in relation to production wells. Through the use of both experimental observations and numerical models this work has elucidated various physical phenomena affecting fracture growth and injection well performance. In order for the process to be successful, the water must be treated prior to being injected. Water injection as well as charge cooling should be used with racing gas. Water injection or water flooding is a secondary hydrocarbon recovery technique where produced water, treated or demineralized water, or freshwater is injected into a wells formation under high pressure and temperature conditions to recover more. Subsea water treatment and injection baker hughes, a ge. Huffnpuff water injection was also successfully tested in toutai reservoir, daqing.
Water injection has been employed for both aero and industrial engines to improve performance, utilizing one of two injection points along the gas path at first compressor entryto boost power or thrust with minimal impact on sfc. As a result, there is an increment in the total oil production from the reservoir. Storm water injection well best management practices bmps siting proper siting can minimize the impact of contaminants reaching a storm water injection well. Halls method is a simple tool used to evaluate performance of water injection wells. Water disposal and injection well monitoring application measurement. Epa region 5 guidance for deep injection wells protecting. Such processes consist of water flooding and natural gas injection that can recover up to 2060% of stock tank oil in place stoiip. Water is injected to support pressure of the reservoir also known as voidage replacement, and also to sweep or displace oil from the reservoir, and push it towards a well. These systems are typically large and heavy and impose substantial capacity challenges to offshore floating facilities. Whether your drinking water comes from a public water supply or a private well or spring, your very existence depends upon having safe water. The definition of a well is codified in the uic regulations at. Part of a sand and pore pressure management program implemented for the field this work presents the.
Kabir, spe, chevron etc summary this work presents a complete reformulation of the hall method involving both preand postbreakthrough situations. Thermal stimulation of water injection wells journal. Water hammer effects on water injection well performance and. Water hammer effects on water injection well performance. Seawater injection is widely used in increased oil recovery. Injection wells can be drilled or converted from existing production wells. Secondary production methods involve fluid injection, and they are targeted at providing further energy in order to increase the production level once well production rates decline during primary recovery. In jet engines it increases engine thrust at low speeds and at takeoff. Water source, injection and disposal service wells summary. Water injection performance and diagnostic module wipd.
Prior to water injection, a pressure maintenance waterflood approval is required from the commission, issued as a special project order under section 75 of the oil and gas activities act. Water injection wells can be found both on and offshore, to increase oil recovery from an existing reservoir. Approximately 17 of 20 sites eisb surveyed reported some level of biofouling in injection wells, with most. Honeywell used a combination of advanced regulatory. Improve oil recovery with realtime monitoring of water injection wells using wpms water injection performance and diagnostic module wipd. A basic requirement for well analysis is the ability to define the entire inflow performance relationship ipr of the well. In other field experiences, water has been injected into injection wells with minimal impact on injectivity. The gearbox is built as an integrated part of the injection pump unit, and the outgoing shafts include bearings and mechanical seals for the pumps as well as direct coupled. General information about injection wells protecting. Satscada for water injection well monitoring systems architecture. Prior to an injection or reinjection operation the water injectivity, i. Shale revolution shifting injection from eor to disposal.
Blocked monitoring wells and filterpacks hinder sample collection or result in stagnant. Introduction and objectives about water injection integrated waterflood management system engineering calculation of cvc, ivc in water injection performance plots used for analysis profile modification job low salinity water flooding references contents. Enhanced reservoir description through application of. This is because injection into such zones can cause a higher production of water with displaced oil. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Pdf performance of water injection wells chestnut field.
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